Contraceptive pills
Combined Contraceptive Pills (FREE NHS)
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Combined oral contraceptive pill (birth control pill) that is widely used to prevent pregnancy. It is a prescription medication that contains two active ingredients: ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel. Here's some important information about medication:

Active Ingredients

        1. Ethinylestradiol: This is a synthetic form of the female sex hormone estrogen. Levonorgestrel: This is a synthetic progestin, which is a hormone that mimics the action of progesterone, another female sex hormone.

          Mechanism of Action


      1. Combined oral contraceptive pills works by preventing ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovaries). It also thickens the cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg. Additionally, it alters the uterine lining, making it less suitable for the implantation of a fertilized egg.


  1. Effectiveness When taken correctly, combined oral contraceptive pill is a highly effective method of contraception, with a failure rate of less than 1% when used perfectly. However, its effectiveness can decrease if it is not taken consistently and at the same time each day.


  2. Usage Combined oral contraceptive pill comes in a 21-day pack or a 28-day pack. The 21-day pack contains 21 active pills, while the 28-day pack includes 21 active pills and 7 inactive or placebo pills. It is typically taken once daily, at the same time each day. It should be started on the first day of your menstrual period for immediate protection, or it can be started on the first Sunday following the start of your period. Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding its use.


  3. Side Effects Like all medications, combined contraceptive pills may cause side effects. Common side effects include nausea, breast tenderness, changes in menstrual flow, and mood swings. Some women may experience more serious side effects, such as blood clots, high blood pressure, or an increased risk of certain cancers. These risks are generally higher in women who smoke, are over 35, or have certain medical conditions.


  4. Contraindications Combined contraceptive pill is not suitable for everyone. It should not be taken by women who have a history of blood clots, certain cancers, liver disease, or who are pregnant. Smokers over the age of 35 are generally advised to choose an alternative form of contraception due to an increased risk of blood clots.


  5. Consultation with a Healthcare Provider It's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before starting combined oral contraceptive pill or any other form of hormonal contraception. They can assess your individual health and help you choose the most suitable contraceptive method for you. Remember that combined oral contraceptive pill does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is primarily used for pregnancy prevention. If you have specific questions or concerns about this contraceptive pill, it's best to discuss them with your healthcare provider, who can provide personalized guidance and recommendations based on your medical history and individual needs.